I guess its hard to pinpoint who had the first idea of making an artificial body part unless they wrote it down or made something. The artificial body zone homepage is right that the Egyptians made prosthesis and I think they made gold teeth too!
Great question – in terms of implants that go inside the body there are a few surgeons who also had pretty good engineering knowledge who were amongst the pioneers. These days it is more likely to be teams of engineers and surgeons working together to address a particular problem.
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