There are lots of different ways to test things. Each thing requires a different experiment. But each time, I would collect some data and look for patterns in the data.
Sometimes experimental results can be compared against theoretical results. For example, there are maths and science equations which can be used to find out how long it would take something to fall to the ground from different heights, for example off a high building (this is theoretical). You could then drop an object from different heights of a building in real life and measure how long it actually takes to hit the ground (this is experimental) and see whether the results are similar to or the same as those found using the maths/science equations!
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