• Question: how and when will the universe end

    Asked by 296sptm42 to Ollie, Guy, Angus, Christine on 5 Mar 2018.
    • Photo: Alexander Burke

      Alexander Burke answered on 5 Mar 2018:


      This is a very good question. The universe could end through many different scenarios but I will talk about the most likely one.
      Our ‘everything’ will likely end due to the entropic heat death of the universe. Entropy is the measure of ‘disorder’ of a system and heat is how hot or cold something is. As time goes on, all of the stars will eventually lose all their fuel to keep them burning and will collapse into black holes or neutron stars. The universe is expanding so everything will move away from each other so it will be very hard for stars to form (they need big clouds of gasses so they can form new stars). Due to a lack of stars forming and an increase of black holes, more things will be sucked up by these black holes increasing their size. After a very long time, the only thing left in the universe will be a large number of black holes which will eventually evaporate to nothing due to a thing called Hawking radiation. All of this will happen in roughly 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 years. The universe will become mindbogglingly huge but a very cold place where absolutely nothing exists. Other cool ideas for how the universe will end could be the big crunch or big rip. Look each up! They’re really interesting.

    • Photo: Guy Rixon

      Guy Rixon answered on 5 Mar 2018:


      Building on Alexander’s excellent answer…

      Years ago, when I was a child, the best guess was that the the universe was a closed space-time (google it!) which meant that it would collapse back on itself in a big crunch. Later on, when I was just starting in astronomy, the new best guess was that it was a open space-time, which means that it would expand for ever, but gradually slowing down: it would do the heat-death thing. Recently, scientists discovered that “dark energy” is pushing the universe to expand faster and faster. Since nobody yet knows what dark energy is, or how it works, or when it might even stop working, it’s hard to predict the end-state.

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