A few. Corrosion is a very big one. Also the motion, sea can be very rough and the slamming of waves can do quite some damage. Ships have to make good use of any space that they have so things are often very tight together, fixing them is not always easy because you can not get to them.
There is also life in the sea that can be tricky. I have seen a number of engines on ships that have “cooked” i.e. overheated because they rely on sea water circulating through the engine to cool it, but the pipes can get a build up of shells on the intake side and these stops (or reduces) the flow of water.
And there is nothing on the ship that you can guarantee to be dry, so everything has to be water resistant. And for electrics it’s a nightmare.
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