There are several different methods, one can just be to use a cable to another part of the body. So if the person in question had an artificial hand they could have a cable running up their arm to their back so when they moved their back in a specific way it would close the hand. I have worked on controlling artificial hands using signals from the muscles (called Electromyography or EMG) in the arm and/or directly from the brains signals (Electroencephalogram or EEG). There are lots of other methods to many to discuss here.
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Alistair commented on :
There are several different methods, one can just be to use a cable to another part of the body. So if the person in question had an artificial hand they could have a cable running up their arm to their back so when they moved their back in a specific way it would close the hand. I have worked on controlling artificial hands using signals from the muscles (called Electromyography or EMG) in the arm and/or directly from the brains signals (Electroencephalogram or EEG). There are lots of other methods to many to discuss here.