Well, nowadays there are a lot of different techniques and materials that can be used for 3D printing.
The cheapest method is FDM (fused deposition modelling) which is basically, extruder like a piping bag, You can print a few different plastics such as ABS and PLA. PLA is quite cool, it stands for polylactic acid., a biodegradable plastic that is made out of things like corn starch. It actually smells a bit of popcorn when you use it.
For this case, in FDM there is no such thing as chemical reaction. All you do is partially melt a filament and leave it to cool in layers so that it sticks to itself.
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